Incubator.



No. 806,098. PATENTED DEC. 5, 1905.

H'. H. BLAOKMAN.

INCUBATORQ APPLICATION FILED MAY 1?;1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

7 UNITED STATES PATENT 'OFFI R.

HARVEY H. BLACKM/AN, or ITHAO'A, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO OORNELL INCUBATOR MFG. 00., OF. NEW YORK.

1THACA,.1\IEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF iNCUBATOR.

Patented Dec. 5, 1905.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARVEY H. BLACK- MAN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Ithaca, in the county of States Letters Patent to Andrews, da-.

ted October 1, 1901, No. 683,830.

The present invention has for its obj ectthe provision of an incubator wherein a more uniform temperature in all parts of the eg chamber may be obtained and also by whidli more perfect ventilation in the egg-chamber maybe effected by the feeding of fresh air in proper proportions thereto, thus enabling the atmospheric conditions of the egg-chamber to meet the necessary.requirements and insuring a maximum percentage in the hatching of the eggs.

The invention also contemplates an arrangement of the structural elements of the incubator whereby fresh air may be properly mixed with the heated air, so thatwhen the admixture passes into the egg-chamber there will be no deleterious results occasioned by the chilling of the eggs in course of incu:

bation.

With these general objects in view and others which will appear as the nature of the improvements is better understood the invention consists, substantially, in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and pointed out in the appended claims.

While the form of the invention herein shown and described is what is believed to be a preferable embodiment thereof, it will of course be understood that the same is susceptible of various changes in the form, proportion, and minor details of construction,

and the ri ht is therefore reserved to modify or vary t e invention as falls within the spirit and scope thereof.

. In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional perspective view of an incubator constructed in accordance with the present invention, parts thereof being broken away to more clearly.

illustrate the relative arrangement of the internal parts, the screen illustrated in Fig. 2' being also omitted'for clearness. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof through thecombustion-flue. Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of the air-distributer. Fig. 4 isa similar view of another form thereof.

Referring in detail to the drawings, the

numeral 1 designates the usual incubatorbox, the same bein formed of separated internal and externa walls 2 and 3, respectively', thus roviding air-spaces between said walls. t may be stated, however, that the air-spaces at thesides of the box 1 do not communicate with the others, but merely perform the function of insulators. The internal walls 2, bottom 2, and top of the incubator form between them an inclosure used as an eg -chamber.

ExtendingIongitudinally of the box structure 1 is a combustion-flue 4, one end of which communicates with the combustionchamber 5 of a generatingdamp or heater 5,

which latter may also be of the type illustrated in the Andrews patent hereinbefore referred to. It will thus be seen that the products of combustion pass from said lamp throughthe flue 4, and thus the radiation an opening in the internal end wall 2, the

opening extending some distance below the bottom of the'flue, so that a passage 7 is thus rovided which permits entrance of air om the space between said end wall and the adjacent outer end wall, this air-space being designated by the numeral 8 and being fed with atmospheric air througha series of openings 9, formed at the bottom of said.

s ace. Consequently as the fresh air is rawn in through the openings 9 the same rises and feeds through the opening 7, as will be hereinafter more fully stated. It will be notedthat the space 8 does not communicate with the space" at the bottom of the structure.

Surrounding the combustion-flue 4 and the inner end of the hot-air flue 6 is an air-distributer 10, which distributer is in the form of a rectangular flared box, the smaller end of which is suitably connected to the inner end wall 2 to receive the heated air and the fresh air from the flue 6 and the passage 7, said smaller end of the distributer 10 being of larger area than the combined area of the flue 6 and said passage 7. I By referring to Fig. 3 it will be observed that the distributer 10 is provided with an elongated equalizer 11, the width of which equalizer is approximately only one half of the entire width of the mouth of the distributer 10, and the function of said equalizer is to prevent a proportion of the air passing through the distributer 10 immediately falling from the mouth thereof into the egg-chamber, but to conduct the same to a point toward the opposite end of said chamber, while the other portion of the air not so acted upon by the equalizer will gravitate as soon as it leaves the mouth of the distributer 10. Thus a portion of the air fed by the distributer 10 will enter the eg -chamber at one end thereof, while the other portion traverses the surface of the e ualizer 11 and does not enter the egg-cham er until it reaches the end of said equalizer.

The end wall 2 next adjacent the airspace 8 is also provided With a plurality of feedopenings 12, which communicate with the air-space 8, said openings being arranged in a plane below the passage 7, so that air may be taken directly from the passage 8 and introduced into the egg-chamber. The bottom of the latter is also provided with a series of perforations 13, whichcommunicate with the space immediately below said eggchamber, and said space likewise communicates with an air-space 14, arranged at the end of the box 1 opposite to the air-space 8, an exit-opening 15 being arranged in the adjacent outer end wall of the box 1 and con trolled by a suitable slide 16 for regulating the size of said opening. Through the medium of the slide 16 it will be seen that the amount of air passing through the opening 15 to the atmosphere may be controlled.

In Fig. 4 is illustrated another form of the distributer 10; but this form is substantially the same as that illustrated in the other figures of the drawings except that the bottom of the distributer is elongated and extends to a point beyond the free edge of the top of the distributer and is connected thereto by side flanges 17. The purpose of this form is to cause the air introduced to the egg-chamber to be projected to a point nearer the opposite end thereof from that wherein it is introduced.

A screen 18, as illustrated in Fig. 2, is arranged beneath the flue 4 and distributer 10, whereby the descending air may be effectually subdivided into fine streams.

In the operation of the incubator it will be observed that the hot air passes therein through the flue 6 and discharges into the distributer 10. The entrance of the hot air into the distributer 10 creates a suction therein, thus drawing fresh air through the openings 9 into the air-space 8 and through the passage 7 into the distributor. This fresh air at once commingles with the hot air discharged by the flue 6, thereby temperin the hot air, and the admixture thus forme discharges through the open end of the distributer 10 and passes into the egg-chamber. The air thus entered gravitates through the egg-chamber and passes through the openings 13 into the space below, whence it issues into the space 14 and ultimately discharges through the opening 15 to the atmosphere. Fresh air will also enter through the openings 12, and through the arrangement described it will be seen that a uniform temperature in all parts of the egg-chamber is obtained and perfect ventilation therein insured. The fact that the fresh air mixes with the hot air in the distributer 1O prevents chilling of the eggs, and consequently a maximum percentage in the hatching of the eggs is assured.

Having thus described the invention, What is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an incubator, the combination with the body thereof comprising inner and outer walls spaced from each other to provide communicating air-spaces at one end and the bottom of said body, the latter having at its opposite end a fresh-air space which communicates with the atmosphere, the space within said inner walls forming an egg-chamber, of a hot-air flue projecting through said freshair space and passing horizontally through an opening in the inner wall of the fresh-air space, the opening extending some distance below the bottom of the flue to form an airpassage which communicates with the aforesaid fresh-air space, and an air-distributer arranged within the egg-chamber and surrounding the mouth of the hot-air flue and the air-passage immediately therebeneath, whereby the hot air fed by said hot-air flue and the fresh air introduced from said freshair space are caused to mix in the distributer and be discharged by the latter into the eggchamber.

2. In an incubator, the combination with the body thereof comprising inner and outer walls spaced from each other to provide conimunicating air-spaces at one end and the bottom of said body, the latter having at its opposite end a fresh-air space which. communicates with the atmosphere, the space within said inner walls forming an egg-chamber, of

a hot-air flue projecting through said freshair space and. passing horizontally through an opening in the inner wall of the fresh-air space, the opening extending some distance below thebottom of the flue to form an airpassage which communicates with the aforesaid fresh-air space, and an air-distributer arranged within the eg '-chamber and surent points therein.

rounding the mouth 0 the hot-air flue" and the air passage immediately therebeneath, whereby theho-t air fed by said hot-air flue and the fresh air introduced from said freshair spaceare caused to mix in the distributer and be discharged by the latter into the eggchamber', said distributer having an elongated equalizer to cause the air introduced into the e g-chamber to gravitate at differ- 3. In an incubator, the combination with the body thereof comprising inner and outer rounding the mouth of the hot-airflue and the air-passage immediately therebeneath,

whereby the hot air fed by said hot-airline and the fresh air introduced from said freshair space are caused to mix in the distributer and be discharged bythe latter into the eggchamber, the bottom of the egg-chamber beesh-air space, and an air-distributer in'g perforated to establish communication between said chamber and the space immediately therebeneath, whereby the air in the egg-chamber, will be exhausted in the space beneath the same and discharged to the atmosphere through the end air-space in communication with-said bottom space.

4. In an incubator, the combination with the body thereof comprising inner and outer walls spaced from each other to provide communicating air-spaces at one end and the bottom of said body, the latter having at its opposite end a fresh-air space which communicates with the atmosphere, the space within said inner walls forming an egg-chamber, of a hot-air flue projecting through said fresh-- air. space and passing horizontally through an opening in the inner wall of the fresh-air space, the opening extending some distance below the bottom of the flue, to form an airpassa e which communicates with the afore said arranged within the egg-chamber and surrounding the mouth of the hot-air flue and esh-air space, and an air-distributer the air-passage immediately therebeneath,

whereby the hot air fed by said hot-air flue and the fresh air introduced from said freshair s ace are caused to mix in'the distributer and e discharged by the latter into the eggchamber, the inner end Wall bein provided at a point below said distributer w1th a series of feed-openings which communicate directly with the fresh-air spacefor introducing fresh.

air into the egg-chamber.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presenceof two witnesses.

HARVEY II. BIIACKMAN .Witnesses:

, PAUL K. OLYMER, T. K. BRYANT. 

